One of the most important functions of the country in ensuring the safety of civilians and the state as a whole is performed by the civil defense of the Russian Federation. The comprehensive security program for the country was developed on October 4, 1932 and was originally referred to as the All-Union Fire Defense System, but in 1961 it was renamed, and to this day it has the name - Civil Defense. Today this system works very efficiently. It includes fire fighting services, aviation, search and rescue units, and civil defense troops that work around the clock, providing the population with operational assistance in any emergency and emergency situations.
According to the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 31, 2006, a holiday was introduced - Day of the Space Forces, which is annually celebrated on October 4. This day is dedicated to the creators of defense spacecraft and those who control the launch processes. It was on October 4, 1957, for the first time in the USSR that an artificial Earth satellite was launched. The purpose of the Space Forces is to provide the space and missile defense of the Russian Federation: to warn the top military leadership of a missile attack, to control space, as well as military, scientific and social spacecraft, to maintain orbital structures.
International Animal Day, celebrated annually on October 4, calls on mankind to pay attention to the problems of our smaller brothers. The decision to introduce such a "holiday" was first made in Florence at an international congress in 1931 by supporters of the movement to protect animals and nature. The date was chosen, as it turned out, not by chance. October 4 is the day of remembrance of one of the saints of the Catholic Church, the patron saint of animals - Francisco of Assisi.
In the Russian Federation, the day of animals is celebrated since 2000. This decision was made by the International Fund for the Protection of Animals. In many, especially European, countries, pets are equated with family members. Animal Protection Day is held annually in more than 60 countries, it encourages the public to be more careful not only about pets, but also to wildlife and the environment.
In 1999, after lengthy discussions, the UN General Assembly approved the decision to introduce World Space Week. These days, from the fourth to the tenth of October, they remember the significant events that took place in the entire history of the development of space affairs: the launch of the first artificial satellite in the USSR, the day of the landing of the American expedition to the moon, and so on.
October 4 is considered the day of remembrance of the Apostle Kodrat. According to the scriptures, Kodrat, who bore the rank of bishop, lived in the first century and tried to convey the word of God to people. He converted many pagans to faith, thereby making many enemies. Once an enraged idolater threw stones at Kodrat and, seizing him, threw him into prison, where he died a martyrdom.
Also on October 4, the Christian church recalls the names of two other great martyrs - presbyter Andrius and Bishop Hypatius. In Russia, the day of Kondrat and Ipat was considered a symbol of labor and fertility. People believed that if you work hard this day, they will be surely left by need and poverty, and they will be replaced by joy and prosperity. In the evening, after a hard working day, the housewives treated the tired workers with magnificent pies and braga.
October 4, 1582 - transition to the Gregorian calendar. The transition to a new system of calculating time was established by Pope Gregory XIII. Thus, after October 4, October 15 immediately came. A complex settlement system made it possible to more correctly approach the issue of "measuring" the year.
October 4, 1830 - as a result of archaeological excavations 6 km from Kerch, the Kul-Oba mound was discovered. This is perhaps the only of all the mounds of Crimea that deserves to be on a par with the richest mounds of Scythia in the vicinity of the Dnieper rapids.
October 4, 1937 - completion of the longest-lasting airship of the USSR B-6 "Osoaviahim". According to some reports, an airship with a crew of 16 people spent more than 130 hours in the air, making a non-stop ring route and setting a world record.
October 4, 1957 - Launch of the first artificial Earth satellite. The USSR became the first state in the world to launch an artificial satellite into Earth orbit. The launch of the Simplest Satellite-1 (PS-1) was carried out from the Baikonur research and development site using a powerful launch vehicle. The launch date of PS-1 was the beginning of the space age. Scientists M. Tikhonravov, M. Keldysh, V. Lapko, N. Lidorenko, B. Chekunov, and many others worked on the creation of the celestial body PS-1, headed by S. Korolev.
Al-biruni (born in 973 in the city of Kyat) - a scientist, author of many works on philosophy, geography, history, mathematics, astronomy, mineralogy and geodesy. Biruni, in spite of the fact that he received only a philosophical and mathematical education, was a very versatile person, he was easily given almost all the sciences of that time.
Giovanni Piranesi (born in 1720) - great architect, draftsman and archaeologist. In his youth, Giovanni worked in the studio of his father - a professional stone carver. He studied architecture with his own uncle, took lessons in engraving and painting from the famous engraver - Carlo Dzukki. In 1743, Piranesi published his first collection of prints in Rome. In the field of architecture stood out thanks to the restructuring of the church of Santa Maria Aventina.
Grigory Potanin (born in 1835) - Russian botanist, folklorist, geographer, ethnographer and publicist. Graduated with honors from St. Petersburg University. In 1865 he was appointed secretary of the provincial committee. However, he was soon charged with a misconduct and sent to exile, but in 1874 Potanin was pardoned.
Mikhail Bestuzhev (born in 1800) - Decembrist and Russian politician.
Vitaly Ginsburg (born in 1916) - Soviet theoretical physicist, Nobel laureate. He worked actively in the fields of physics, optics, radio astronomy, etc. In 1950, together with Landau, he created a semi-phenomenological theory of superconductivity, which made it possible to explain a number of scientific questions.
Ivan Gorbachevsky (born in 1800) - Decembrist.
Marlene Hutsiev (born in 1925) - Soviet director, actor, screenwriter, people's artist of the USSR. The first directorial work, which brought Khutsiev popularity, was a picture called "Spring on Zarechnaya Street", shot in 1956. His subsequent works became real masterpieces of Soviet cinema.
Richard Rorty (born in 1931) - a famous American philosopher who wrote the book "Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature."
Alicia Silverstone (born in 1976) - famous actress and model. Young Alicia from the age of 6 acted as a model. At an older age, she appeared on television as a TV presenter, and in 1993 she gained fame and love from the audience thanks to the movie "Passion without Reciprocity". So began her acting career. Today, Alicia Silverstone continues to act in film, she is happy in marriage and is actively involved in an animal protection program.
On October 4, representatives of such names as Alexander, Agnia, Andrey, Aleksey, Vasily, Valentin, Vladimir, Dmitry, Daniil, Ivan, Isaac, Joseph and Constantine celebrate.
